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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pnut</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="allenpress-id">pnut</journal-id>
			<journal-title>Peanut Science</journal-title>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0095-3679</issn>
			<issn pub-type="active">0095-3679</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>American Peanut Research and Education Society</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3146/i0095-3679-25-1-13</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Articles</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Validation of EXNUT for Scheduling Peanut Irrigation in North Carolina<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>J. I.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Davidson</surname><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2,</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">&ast;</xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>W. J.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Griffin</surname>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>M. C.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Lamb</surname>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>R. G.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Williams</surname>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, and </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>G.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Sullivan</surname>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				
					<aff id="aff2">
					<label><sup>2</sup></label>Mech. Eng., USDA, ARS, Nat. Peanut Res. Lab., Dawson, GA 31742
				</aff>
				
					<aff id="aff3">
					<label><sup>3</sup></label>Bertie County Ext. Director, Windsor, NC 27983
				</aff>
				
					<aff id="aff4">
					<label><sup>4</sup></label>Res. Fellow, Dept. of Agric. Econ. and Rural Soc., Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849
				</aff>
				
					<aff id="aff5">
					<label><sup>5</sup></label>Res. Tech., Federal-State Inspection Service, Dawson, GA 31742
				</aff>
				
					<aff id="aff6">
					<label><sup>6</sup></label>Ext. Spec. (Retired), North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="fn" id="fn1">
					<p><sup>1</sup>Mention of firm names or trade products in this paper does not constitute a recommendation by the USDA nor does it imply registration under FIFRA.</p>
				</fn>
				<corresp id="cor1">&ast;Corresponding author.</corresp>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
				<month>1</month>
				<year>1998</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<fpage>50</fpage>
			<lpage>58</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>30</day>
					<month>6</month>
					<year>1998</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>American Peanut Research and Education Society</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
				<copyright-holder>American Peanut Research and Education Society</copyright-holder>
			</permissions>
			<related-article related-article-type="pdf" xlink:href="i0095-3679-25-1-13.pdf" xlink:type="simple"></related-article>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>During crop years 1989-1992 EXNUT concepts and a version of EXNUT modified for North Carolina conditions were evaluated. This version was revised and evaluated on 20-25 peanut fields during crop years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 when average yields of 4360, 4890, 4640, 4530, and 4770 kg/ha, respectively, were obtained. These yields averaged 880 kg/ha higher than average yields produced on these irrigated fields prior to 1993 and 1660 kg/ha higher than the average county yields during 1993-1997. The farmers and county agents reported that irrigation scheduled by EXNUT provided an estimated 500 kg/ha increase in yields. Costs of running EXNUT were estimated at $5.14/ha. Using these estimates, net returns from using EXNUT instead of normal irrigation scheduling by the farmer was $272.76/ha. Average compliance of farmers with EXNUT water scheduling recommendations was 85 and 75% for wet years (1994 and 1996) and dry years (1993, 1995, and 1997), respectively. On the average, a 71% or higher compliance with EXNUT recommendations on fields with sandy- and medium-type soils resulted in yields greater than 4480 kg/ha, making irrigation of peanuts feasible in these fields at a world market price as low as $350 per metric ton. Every percentage point increase in compliance with EXNUT recommendations on these fields resulted in an increase in yield of 50 and 110 kg/ha during wet and dry years, respectively. Yields from fields with heavy type soils averaged only 3850 kg/ha because of excessive disease and harvest losses. On the average, peanuts can be produced on this heavy-type soil at world market prices of $410/metric ton if compliance with EXNUT recommendations is at least 80%. This 9-yr study is an example of how expert systems can be transferred through cooperation of researchers, extension specialists, and users.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group>
				<title>Key Words</title>
				<kwd>Expert system</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>computer decision aide</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>peanut production management</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>scheduling peanut irrigation</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>peanut management system</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>geocarposphere (GCS) temperature</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<page-count count="9"></page-count>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
</article>
