The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria race 1) causes significant economic losses throughout the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production areas of the southern U.S. Chemicals for control of this pest are becoming increasingly limited, and there are no peanut cultivars with resistance. Seven moderately resistant plant introductions have been identified; however, less than 25% of the germplasm collection has been examined for resistance based on nematode reproduction. The objectives of this work were to examine an additional 1000 plant introductions for resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode and to compare the most resistant introductions to previously reported sources of resistance. Preliminary greenhouse screening trials were conducted to rate severity of root galling and amount of egg mass production. Seventeen accessions were selected based on a mean egg mass rating of less than or equal to three. These selections were reevaluated in additional greenhouse and field experiments to quantify levels of resistance and to directly compare these sources of resistance to those previously reported. Eight accessions had a significantly higher level of resistance (lower egg mass rating) than Florunner; however, none had a significantly higher level of resistance than those previously reported. Results of this study identified additional sources of resistance which may provide unique genes for resistance. In addition, two of these new sources of resistance (PI 298848 and PI 311265) exhibited significantly higher yield than those previously identified when grown in soil heavily infested with M. arenaria.