<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//Atypon//DTD Atypon Systems Archival NLM DTD Suite v2.2.0 20090301//EN" "nlm-dtd2.2/archivearticle.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.2" xml:lang="EN">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pnut</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="allenpress-id">pnut</journal-id>
			<journal-title>Peanut Science</journal-title>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0095-3679</issn>
			<issn pub-type="active">0095-3679</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>American Peanut Research and Education Society</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3146/i0095-3679-10-2-9</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Articles</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Fungicides, and Chemical Combinations for Control of Southern Stem Rot on Peanuts<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>A. S.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Csinos</surname>
					</name><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>D. K.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Bell</surname>
					</name><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>N. A.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Minton</surname>
					</name><x xml:space="preserve">, and </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>H. D.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Wells</surname>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				
					<aff id="aff2">
					<label><sup>2</sup></label>Associate professors of Pathology, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Research Nematologist, and Research Plant Pathologist, SE, ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia, respectively
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="fn" id="fn1">
					<p><sup>1</sup>Cooperative Investigations of SE, ARS, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the University of Georgia College of Agriculture Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia 31793.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="fn">
					<p>Mention of a pesticide herein neither constitutes a recommendation nor implies registration under FIFRA.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
				<month>7</month>
				<year>1983</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>10</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>75</fpage>
			<lpage>79</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>24</day>
					<month>9</month>
					<year>1983</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>American Peanut Research and Education Society</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>1983</copyright-year>
				<copyright-holder>American Peanut Research and Education Society</copyright-holder>
			</permissions>
			<related-article related-article-type="pdf" xlink:href="i0095-3679-10-2-9.pdf" xlink:type="simple"></related-article>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>Field experiments evaluating three isolates of <italic>Trichoderma harzianum</italic> Rifai and a white spored <italic>Trichoderma</italic> sp. alone and in combination with fungicides and fungicide-insecticide&sol;nematicide combinations were conducted during 1979-81 in an area with a history of high incidence of <italic>Sclerotium rolfsii</italic> Sacc. None of the <italic>Trichoderma</italic> sp. treatments alone, mixed with wheat middlings, or combined with carboxin reduced disease or increased yield over the control; however, disease was reduced when <italic>T. harzianum</italic> was applied with PCNB at 11.2 kg&sol;ha. <italic>Trichoderma</italic> spp. appeared to be active only over a 3-8 day period, which was inadequate for control of <italic>S. rolfsii</italic> for the entire season. Treatments containing PCNB (11.2 kg ai&sol;ha) alone or with the insecticide&sol; nematicides ethoprop (3.4 kg ai&sol;ha), fensulfothion (3.4 kg ai&sol;ha), and aldicarb (1.7 kg ai&sol;ha) significantly increased yields 9 of 12 times with an average increase of 790 kg&sol;ha; and significantly reduced disease loci at harvest 5 of 12 times with an average reduction of 36&percnt;. Ethoprop 10G alone at 3.4 kg ai&sol;ha increased yield one of 3 times, but did not reduce disease. Aldicarb and phenamiphos alone did not decrease disease or increase yield. Carboxin 4G decreased disease and increased yield only when applied at 1.12 kg ai&sol;ha six times on an as required basis. Carboxin 3F at 0.84 kg ai&sol;ha applied 6 times and carboxin 75W at 1.27 kg ai&sol;ha applied one time did not increase yield or reduce disease at harvest.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group>
				<title>Key Words</title>
				<kwd><italic>Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.</italic></kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd><italic>Trichoderma harzianum</italic></kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>ethoprop</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>fensulfothion</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>aldicarb</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>carboxin 3F</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>carboxin 75W</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>groundnut</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>disease</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<page-count count="5"></page-count>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
</article>
