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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pnut</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="allenpress-id">pnut</journal-id>
			<journal-title>Peanut Science</journal-title>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0095-3679</issn>
			<issn pub-type="active">0095-3679</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>American Peanut Research and Education Society</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3146/i0095-3679-6-1-8</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Articles</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Removal of Raw Peanut Flavor and Odor in Peanut Flour Processed by Direct Solvent Extraction<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>L. A.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Johnson</surname>
					</name><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>J. T.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Farnsworth</surname>
					</name><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>R. J.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Garland</surname>
					</name><x xml:space="preserve">, and </x>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
					<name name-style="western">
						<given-names>E. W.</given-names><x xml:space="preserve"> </x>
						<surname>Lusas</surname>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				
					<aff id="aff2">
					<label><sup>2</sup></label>Assistant Research Chemist, Research Associate, Research Associate and Director respectively, Food Protein Research and Development Center, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX 77843
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="fn" id="fn1">
					<p><sup>1</sup>This paper reports research funded by the Natural Fibers and Food Protein Commission.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
				<month>1</month>
				<year>1979</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>6</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<fpage>43</fpage>
			<lpage>45</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>30</day>
					<month>1</month>
					<year>1979</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>American Peanut Research and Education Society</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>1979</copyright-year>
				<copyright-holder>American Peanut Research and Education Society</copyright-holder>
			</permissions>
			<related-article related-article-type="pdf" xlink:href="i0095-3679-6-1-8.pdf" xlink:type="simple"></related-article>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>Peanut slices can be directly extracted with hexane yielding more soluble protein and better color than pre-press solvent extraction; however, flavor and odor are characterized as raw and &ldquo;green beany&rdquo;. The utilization of secondary extraction with hexane: ethanol azeotrope, hexane: methanol azeotrope and absolute ethanol subsequent to hexane extraction significantly improved flavor and odor characteristics of peanut flour. Hexane: propanol azeotrope did not significantly improve sensory evaluations. Hexane: ethanol azeotrope did not reduce soluble protein, yielding an NSI value of 95&percnt;. Hexane: methanol azeotrope and absolute ethanol slightly reduced NSI to 88&percnt; and 92&percnt; respectively. Color of peanut flour was not affected by secondary solvent extraction. Direct extraction of peanut slices with hexane, followed by hexane: ethanol azeotrope extraction, resulted in flour with good flavor and odor characteristics and with lighter color and more soluble protein than peanut flour produced by commercial pre-press solvent extraction.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group>
				<title>Key Words</title>
				<kwd>peanut</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>peanut flour</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>peanut flavor</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">; </x><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
				<kwd>solvent extraction</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<page-count count="3"></page-count>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
</article>
